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Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research

Date Submitted: Jan 6, 2024
Date Accepted: Jul 30, 2024

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Simulated Patient Study

Si Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Zu J, Chen X, Fan X, An R, Gong S

Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Simulated Patient Study

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e56121

DOI: 10.2196/56121

PMID: 39250188

PMCID: 11420570

Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in LMIC Healthcare: A Simulated Patient Study

  • Yafei Si; 
  • Yuyi Yang; 
  • Xi Wang; 
  • Jiaqi Zu; 
  • Xi Chen; 
  • Xiaojing Fan; 
  • Ruopeng An; 
  • Sen Gong

ABSTRACT

Using simulated patients to mimic nine established non-communicable and infectious diseases over 27 trials, we assess ChatGPT’s effectiveness and reliability in diagnosing and treating common diseases in low- and middle-income countries. We find ChatGPT's performance varied within a single disease, despite a high level of accuracy in both diagnosis and medication prescription. Additionally, ChatGPT recommended a concerning level of unnecessary or harmful medications even with correct diagnoses. Finally, ChatGPT performed better in managing non-communicable diseases compared to infectious ones. These results highlight the need for cautious AI integration in healthcare systems to ensure quality and safety.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Si Y, Yang Y, Wang X, Zu J, Chen X, Fan X, An R, Gong S

Quality and Accountability of ChatGPT in Health Care in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Simulated Patient Study

J Med Internet Res 2024;26:e56121

DOI: 10.2196/56121

PMID: 39250188

PMCID: 11420570

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