Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
Date Submitted: Jan 4, 2024
Date Accepted: Jul 2, 2024
The effect of long-term particulate matter exposure on respiratory mortality: a cohort study in China
ABSTRACT
Background:
Particulate matter (PM), which affects respiratory health, has been well documented; however, substantial evidence from large cohorts is still limited, particularly in highly polluted countries and for PM1.
Objective:
Our objective was to examine the potential causal links between long-term PMs (PM2.5, PM10 and more importantly, PM1) exposure and respiratory mortality.
Methods:
In a community-based cohort, we analyzed the causal relationship between respiratory mortality and PMs among 580,757 participants using marginal structural Cox models. Annual average concentrations of PMS were estimated using validated spatiotemporal models.
Results:
During the follow-up period, 7,260 deaths were attributed to respiratory diseases. A 6.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.6%-7.6%), 4.2% (95% CI: 3.6%-4.7%), and 4.0% (95% CI: 3.6%-4.5%) increase in the risk of respiratory mortality were observed following per 1 μg/m3 increase concentrations of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively. The effect estimates for PM1 were 2.4% and 2.6% higher than that for PM2.5 and PM10. In addition, elderly participants, non-smokers, participants with high exercise frequency, and those exposed to low normalized difference vegetation index were more susceptible to the effects of PMs. Furthermore, participants in low-exposure group were found to be at 2.7-7.6% greater risk of respiratory mortality compared with entire population.
Conclusions:
This cohort study provides causal clues of the respiratory impact of long-term ambient PMs exposure, indicating that PM reduction efforts may continuously benefit the population respiratory health.
Citation
Per the author's request the PDF is not available.
Copyright
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