Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance
Date Submitted: Jun 4, 2023
Date Accepted: Apr 5, 2024
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Time and Space KDets: A spatiotemporal analysis of Kawasaki Disease and respiratory viruses
ABSTRACT
Kawasaki disease is an uncommon vasculitis affecting young children. Infections have been frequently postulated as the triggers. We aimed to determine whether Kawasaki disease incidence was related to respiratory virus circulation. We obtained independent state-wide datasets of admitted episodes of Kawasaki disease and respiratory multiplex PCR tests performed at two large hospital networks in Victoria from 2011 to 2021. We studied spatiotemporal relationships by negative binomial regression analysis of the monthly incidence of Kawasaki disease and the rate of positive PCR tests. We found a 1.52 (99%CI 1.27-1.82) and a 1.43 (99%CI 1.17-1.73) risk ratio of Kawasaki disease in association with human metapneumovirus and respiratory syncytial virus respectively before the COVID-19 pandemic, but no associations were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our large ecological analysis demonstrates novel spatiotemporal associations between specific viral circulation and Kawasaki disease. The roles of human metapneumovirus and RSV in Kawasaki disease etiology warrant further investigation.
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