Accepted for/Published in: JMIR mHealth and uHealth
Date Submitted: May 26, 2023
Date Accepted: Nov 28, 2023
Effects of mHealth-based lifestyle interventions on gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese pregnant women: A systemic review and meta-analysis.
ABSTRACT
Background:
The increasing incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health problem and is more likely to occur in overweight or obese pregnant women. Adhering to a healthy lifestyle is related to reducing the risk of GDM. With the development of information technology, mobile health (mHealth) interventions have become widely available in healthcare. However, there are no definitive conclusions on the effectiveness of mHealth-based lifestyle interventions in preventing GDM.
Objective:
To evaluate the impact of mHealth-based lifestyle interventions on GDM and other pregnancy outcomes in overweight or obese pregnant women.
Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted in six English databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) and four Chinese databases (CBM, CNKI, Vip, and Wanfang Database) to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effectiveness of mHealth-based interventions for GDM from inception to 10 December 2022. Two authors independently screened the studies and extracted the data. The quality of included studies was examined using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Data synthesis was conducted in Review Manager (Version 5.4).
Results:
Sixteen RCTs with 7996 participants were included in this study. Compared with usual care, lifestyle interventions based on mHealth significantly reduced the incidence of GDM(odds ratio[OR] 0.74, 95% CI 0.56 to 0.96, P=.01, I2=65%), preterm birth (OR 0.65, 95%CI 0.48 to 0.87, P=.004, I2=25%), macrosomia (OR 0.59, 95%CI 0.40 to 0.87, P=.008, I2=59%) and decrease gestational weight gain (mean difference[MD] -1.12, 95%CI -1.71 to -0.76, P<.001, I2=43%), respectively. Significant subgroup differences were found in GDM according to the mHealth technology, provider, population, and GDM criterion (P<.05).
Conclusions:
Lifestyle Interventions based on mHealth had a favorable impact on the prevention of GDM in pregnant women with overweight and obesity. The future needs to further explore the potential of mHealth-based interventions for GDM through better design and more rigorous large-scale RCTs.
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