Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: May 23, 2023
Open Peer Review Period: May 23, 2023 - Jul 18, 2023
Date Accepted: Oct 10, 2023
(closed for review but you can still tweet)
Effects of an individualized mHealth-based intervention on health behavior change and cardiovascular risk among people with metabolic syndrome based on the Behavior Change Wheel: a quasi-experimental study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common public health challenge. Health-promoting behaviors, such as diet and physical activity, are central to preventing and controlling MetS. However, the adoption of diet and physical activity behaviors has always been challenging. An individualized mobile health (mHealth)-based intervention using the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW) is promising in promoting health behavior change and reducing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. However, the effects of the intervention are not well understood among people with MetS in mainland China.
Objective:
Our study aimed to evaluate the effects of the individualized mHealth-based intervention using the BCW on behavior change and ASCVD risk in people with MetS.
Methods:
A quasi-experimental, non-randomized study was performed. Individuals with MetS were recruited at the health promotion center of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province, China. The study involved the participation of 138 adults with MetS, comprising a control group of 69 participants and an intervention group of 69 participants. All participants received health education about diet and physical activity. The intervention group additionally received a 12-week individualized intervention through a WeChat mini program and received a telephone follow-up in the sixth week of the intervention. Primary outcomes included diet and physical activity behaviors, and ASCVD risk. Secondary outcomes included diet self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, knowledge of MetS, quality of life, and quality and efficiency of health management services. Data analyses were conducted based on the intention-to-treat principle using SPSS software version 25.0.
Results:
Baseline characteristics did not differ between the two groups. Participants in the intervention group had statistically significant improvements in diet behavior, physical activity behavior, diet self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, knowledge of MetS, physical health, and mental health after a 12-week intervention (p < 0.05). The intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in outcomes from pre- to post-intervention evaluations (p < 0.05). The intervention also led to enhanced health management services and quality.
Conclusions:
The individualized mHealth-based intervention using the BCW is effective in promoting diet and physical activity behaviors in patients with MetS. Nurses and other healthcare professionals may incorporate the intervention into their health promotion programs. Clinical Trial: ChiCTR2100043877
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