Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research
Date Submitted: May 12, 2023
Date Accepted: Nov 27, 2023
Developing Mood-Based Computer-Tailored Health Communication for Smoking Cessation: Pilot Study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Most smokers want to quit smoking despite the low success rates. Thus, innovative strategies are needed to help smokers quit and stay quit. Incorporating computer-tailored health communication (CTHC) systems into a smoking cessation digital intervention can increase its effectiveness. CTHC systems can deliver smoking cessation messages tailored to individual’s mood to increase the efficacy of smoking cessation digital interventions.
Objective:
We examined the association of mood and smoking cessation message effectiveness among adults who currently smoke cigarettes.
Methods:
In January 2022, we recruited an online convenience sample of adults who smoke cigarettes (N=617, Mage=41.13). Participants were randomized to one of three mood conditions: positive, negative, or neutral, and viewed a picture selected from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) to induce an emotional state within the assigned condition. Participants then viewed 30 previously tested smoking cessation messages with topics covering five themes: 1) financial costs/rewards, 2) health, 3) quality-of-life, 4) challenges of quitting, and 5) motivation/reasons to quit. Following each message, participants completed questions on three constructs: message receptivity, perceived relevance, and their motivation to quit. We used one-way ANOVA to estimate the association of mood condition on these constructs, controlling for demographics, cigarettes per day, and motivation to quit measured during pre-test. We also estimated the association between mood and outcomes for each of the five smoking message theme categories.
Results:
Participants in the positive mood condition reported significantly greater motivation to quit compared to those in the negative mood condition (P=.005). Furthermore, participants in the positive mood condition reported higher motivation to quit after viewing smoking cessation messages in the financial (P=.031), health (P=.013), quality-of-life (P=.036), and challenges of quitting (P=.034) theme categories. Furthermore, participants in the positive mood condition reported significantly greater motivation to quit after seeing messages in the financial (P=.010), health (P=.003), quality-of-life theme, (P=.010), and challenges of quitting (P=.013) theme categories than those in the negative mood condition.
Conclusions:
Considering individuals’ mood at the time of message exposure can influence the effects of smoking cessation messages on adults who smoke cigarettes. Future smoking cessation interventions should consider avenues to increase positive mood among adult smokers to increase their motivation to quit smoking and increase message effectiveness. Clinical Trial: N/A
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