JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Gender identity and biological sex are important, distinct variables in dermatology research. However, these are often conflated or poorly demarcated. Our analysis highlights the need for agreement on assessing gender identity and biological sex in dermatology research to address their complexity and importance fairly. We first analyzed current methodologies. Despite calls for transparency and reproducibility, assessment of gender identity and biological sex differences varied widely between sources. We then analyzed the impact of gender identity and biological sex on skincare, disease prevalence, and symptoms. We found disparities in skin disease rates and skin care practices between males and females. Next, we discussed the disparity in literature representation between males and females. Recognition and response to female underrepresentation in literature are growing, but underrepresentation of transgender and non-binary patients persists. Lastly, we discussed provider communication about gender identity. Giving physicians better communication skills can prevent confusing sex and gender and ensure respectful patient interactions. Healthcare researchers need more thorough guidance regarding gender and sex assessments. This often ignored distinction reduces respect for patients and weakens the accuracy of study outcomes. Given the marked differences between male and female skin, this issue is particularly relevant to dermatology research.