Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: Feb 16, 2023
Date Accepted: Jun 8, 2023
Factors Influencing the Sharing of Personal Health Data Based on the Integrated Privacy Calculus and Theory of Planned Behaviors: Results of a Cross-sectional Study of Chinese Patients in the Yangtze River Delta
ABSTRACT
Background:
The distribution of China's high-quality healthcare resources is uneven and irrational, and the medical service system is fragmented. It is imperative to share medical information to promote the development of an integrated healthcare system and to maximize its value.
Objective:
This study aims to investigate patients' willingness to share personal health data at different levels of maternal and child specialized hospitals, to identify key influencing factors, and to propose countermeasures and suggestions to improve the level of data sharing.
Methods:
A research framework based on privacy calculus and planned behavior theory was developed and empirically tested through a cross-sectional field survey. A random stratified sampling method was used to select five maternal and child health hospitals in the Yangtze River Delta region, China. A 36-item measurement instrument was developed. Reliability and validity testing and path analysis were applied to assess the model and hypotheses.
Results:
The final measurement model had a good fit (the chi-square/degree of freedom (χ2/df) =2.637, root mean square residual (RMR)=0.032, root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA)=0.048, goodness-of-fit index (GFI)=0.950, normed fit index (NFI)=0.955). A total of 2060 completed questionnaires were received, with a valid response rate of 85.83% (2060/2400). Perceived benefit (β=0.123; P<0.05), moral motive (β=0.803; P<0.001) and perceived effectiveness of government regulation (β=0.110; P=0.001) have a significantly positive effect on sharing willingness, with moral motive being the stronger predictor. The proposed model explained 90.5% of the variance in sharing willingness.
Conclusions:
This study contributes to the literature on personal health data sharing by integrating the privacy calculus and planned behavior theory. Perceived benefit, moral motive and perceived effectiveness of government regulation were positive predictors of sharing willingness among patients. The theoretical and practical implications for examining the factors influencing willingness to share personal health data were also provided.
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