Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research
Date Submitted: Oct 11, 2022
Date Accepted: Mar 3, 2023
Date Submitted to PubMed: Mar 17, 2023
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Motivational Profile and Associations with Physical Activity Before, During, and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Survey
ABSTRACT
Background:
Background:
According to the Self-Determination Theory, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is positively associated with autonomous regulatory form of motivation. Recently, researchers have speculated that a better method to describe motivation is to generate motivational profiles, which represent combinations of differing levels of controlled and autonomous regulation.
Objective:
Objective:
We aimed to identify distinct motivational profiles and determine their association with MVPA before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods:
Methods:
Using a cross-sectional, retrospective design, we surveyed 977 Canadian adults. We assessed motivation for physical activity using the Behavioral Regulations in Exercise Questionnaire. We assessed physical activity pre-, during, and post-Covid-19 stay-at-home orders in Canada using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. We derived motivational profiles using latent profile analysis. Using motivational profile as an independent variable, we assessed its effect on physical activity at all three time points with multi-level models that included participant ID as a random variable.
Results:
Results:
We identified four profiles: high autonomous and high controlled (HAHC), low overall motivation (LOM), high autonomous and introjected (HAI), and high amotivation and external (HAE). The HAHC profile had the highest levels of weekly MVPA minutes at all three timepoints, followed by the HAI profile.
Conclusions:
Conclusions:
Our results suggests that a combination of both autonomous and controlled regulatory forms may be more effective in influencing MVPA than controlled or autonomous forms alone.
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