Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies
Date Submitted: Oct 5, 2022
Date Accepted: May 3, 2023
Date Submitted to PubMed: May 24, 2023
How oral intake, mobility, and activity measures can inform discharge recommendations: A retrospective analysis of hospitalized inmate and non-inmate COVID-19 patients.
ABSTRACT
Background:
To compare functional outcomes of oral intake, mobility, and activity between inmates and non-inmates who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and examine the relationships among these functional measures and discharge destination.
Objective:
To compare functional outcomes of oral intake, mobility, and activity between inmates and non-inmates who were diagnosed with COVID-19 and examine the relationships among these functional measures and discharge destination
Methods:
A total of 83 patients (inmates, n=38; non-inmates, n=45) were included in the final analysis. There were no differences between inmates and non-inmates on initial (P=.39) and final FOIS scores (P=.35) or on initial, final, or change scores (P>.05) on the AM-PAC. When examining separate regression models using AM-PAC mobility or AM-PAC activity scores as independent variables, greater age upon admission decreased the odds (OR=0.922; 95%CI=0.875 to 0.972 and OR=0.918; 95%CI=0.871 to 0.968) of patients being discharged with a total oral diet with no restrictions. The following factors increased the odds of patients being discharged to the same place they were admitted from: being an inmate (OR=5.285; 95%CI= 1.334 to 20.931) and (OR=6.083; 95%CI=1.548 to 23.912); “Other” race (OR=7.596; 95%CI=1.203 to 47.968) and (OR=8.515; 95%CI=1.311 to 55.291); and female sex (OR=4.671; 95%CI=1.086 to 20.092) and (OR=4.977; 95%CI=1.146 to 21.615).
Results:
A total of 98 patients (inmates, n=48; non-inmates, n=50) were included in the final analysis. There were no differences between inmates and non-inmates on initial (P=.39) and final FOIS scores (P=.27) or on initial, final, or change scores (P>.05) on the AM-PAC. Greater age upon admission decreased the odds (OR=0.925; 95%CI=0.878 to 0.975 and OR=0.923; 95%CI=0.877 to 0.972) of patients being discharged with a total oral diet with no restrictions. The following factors increased the odds of patients being discharged to the same place there were admitted: being an inmate (OR=4.477; 95%CI= 1.110 to 18.062) and (OR=5.049; 95%CI=1.254 to 20.325); “Other” race (OR=9.807; 95%CI=1.283 to 74.943) and (OR=10.540; 95%CI=1.365 to 81.386)
Conclusions:
Results from this study provide an opportunity to learn how functional measures may be used to better understand discharge outcomes in both inmate and non-inmate patients admitted to the hospital with COVID-19 during the initial period of the pandemic. Clinical Trial: n/a
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