JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

With anxiety a growing issue and barriers to accessing support services there is a need for innovative solutions to provide early intervention. In-the-moment interventions support individuals to recognize early signs of distress and utilize coping mechanisms to prevent or manage this distress. There is potential for wearable sensors linked to an individual’s mobile phone to provide in-the-moment support tailored to individual needs and physiological responses.

Objective:

The aim of this scoping review was to examine the role of sensors in detecting the physiological signs of anxiety to initiate and direct interventions for its management.

Methods:

Relevant studies were identified through searches conducted in EMBASE, MEDLINE, APA PSYCINFO, PROQUEST and SCOPUS. Studies were identified if they were conducted in people with stress or anxiety or at risk of anxiety and included a wearable sensor providing real time date for in the moment management of anxiety.

Results:

Of the 1,087 studies identified, 11 studies were included in the review, including five randomized controlled trials, and six pilot or pre-testing studies. The results showed that most studies successfully demonstrated improvements in their target variables. This included overall anxiety and stress levels, and the implementation of in the moment stress and anxiety management techniques such as diaphragmatic breathing. There was wide variation in types of sensors used, physiological measures and sensor-linked interventions.

Conclusions:

This review indicates that sensors are potentially a useful tool in detecting stress and anxiety and facilitating the implementation of a known control mechanism to reduce anxiety and improve mood, but further work is needed to understand the acceptability and effectiveness of this type of intervention.