Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research
Date Submitted: Sep 10, 2022
Open Peer Review Period: Sep 10, 2022 - Nov 5, 2022
Date Accepted: Apr 23, 2023
(closed for review but you can still tweet)
Impact of Multimedia Messaging Service Education and Exercise Social Support on Physical Activity among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
ABSTRACT
Background:
Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) could be an appropriate method for delivering targeted educational interventions.
Objective:
This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) education on exercise social support and level of physical activity (PA) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
Methods:
A quasi-experimental, pretest-posttest design was conducted to recruit 98 patients with T2DM. The intervention group received MMS education aiming to improve exercise social support and PA level for 2 months. Participants completed a survey at 3 periods.
Results:
There were no significant differences in friends’ support, family verbal, practical or emotional support over time in the intervention group (p> 0.05). There was a small effect size (Cohen’s d) in friends’ social support (0.389), family practical support (0.271), and moderate activities (0.386). A medium effect size was found in family verbal (0.463) and emotional (0.468) support. Being married increased the likelihood of friends’ support by 2.3 times after intervention (P=.041) whereas rarely doing exercise decreased the likelihood of friends’ support by 28% (P=.029) and family practical support by 28% (P=.014). Being a female and married increased the likelihood of doing moderate activities by 1.6 times (P=.002) and1.5 times (P=.049) in the intervention group respectively. Being a housewife decreased the likelihood of doing moderate activities by 20% (P=.001). Finally, being a female with a higher educational level decreased the likelihood of doing hard activities by 20% (P=.035) and 15% (P=.002) respectively.
Conclusions:
A theoretically-based MMS health education targeting PA levels and social support of family and friends to perform PA seems promising in promoting family and friends social support and improving PA levels among patients with T2DM. Actively involving family and friends in educational interventions that target PA can have an impact on health promoting behaviors in diabetic patients. Clinical Trial: ISRCTN17923814
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