JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health problem and often leads to deleterious outcomes. IPV is associated with elevated psychological distress, impaired physical health, and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic in December 2019, there has been an exponential increase in the rates of IPV worldwide. COVID-19 has also heralded an increased use of telehealth to deliver medical and psychological services, defined as the use of technology communication systems (i.e., mobile applications, videoconferencing, etc.) in the provision of healthcare. Given increases in access to WiFi and computing technology, telehealth has become increasingly popular in all types of healthcare interventions, including IPV.

Objective:

Reviewing and synthesizing information on telehealth intervention, screening, and prevention for IPV is essential for our knowledge of the efficacy and future of telehealth in IPV. Accordingly, the present study conducted a systematic review of telehealth interventions for IPV, with a focus on screening and intervention for IPV victimization and perpetration.

Methods:

This study applied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to a literature search that identified research evaluating telehealth and telemedicine interventions for DV and IPV. Only 14 studies met the study inclusion criteria, with 3 articles focused on telehealth screening for IPV and 11 articles studying telehealth interventions for IPV.

Results:

Studies demonstrated heterogeneity in the: (1) purpose of the intervention (screening, prevention, or treatment) (2) type of intervention delivered via telehealth (website vs telephone vs video conferencing) and intervention dosage. (3) outcomes assessed. Scientific rigor according to the Oxford Center for Evidence-based Medicine was also variable. Studies predominantly focused on women. Results show promising evidence of the efficacy of telehealth screening (over face-to-face screening) for IPV victimization. Only specific types of telehealth interventions were shown to have promise for reducing psychological distress among IPV survivors. Results suggest that telehealth may be a viable option for the delivery of IPV screening and intervention programs, especially when face-to-face interaction is not feasible.

Conclusions:

The present findings highlight the growing utilization of telehealth modalities for IPV screening and intervention. Further research is needed to enhance the evidence base for telehealth screening, prevention, and intervention of IPV and to evaluate the effectiveness of the approaches for individuals involved in IPV.