Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Research Protocols
Date Submitted: Mar 8, 2022
Date Accepted: Aug 29, 2022
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Antibiotic resistance from pre- and post-treatment of drinking water treatment plant (DWTPs) towards establishing a national safe drinking water baseline data on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Malaysia: a study protocol
ABSTRACT
Objectives To study the baseline level of antibiotic resistance in drinking water distribution from pre- and post- drinking water treatment plants in a selected state in Malaysia. Setting Cross-sectional study in a selected state, Malaysia. Methods Water samples from six drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs) will be collected. Sampling size was calculated using prevalence range of antibiotic resistance bacteria using Heterotrophic Plate Count (HPC) in drinking water plant (range 1.17% - 39.55%), number of sampling points and triplicates. Samples will be collected at three sampling points consist of the intake sampling station, service reservoir outlet station and distribution system sampling station for seven types of antibiotics (amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and vancomycin); in triplicates. Samples will be screened for antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) and quantified for level of antibiotics present in the drinking water system. Outcome measures Primary: Prevalence of antibiotic resistance bacteria in drinking water system; and level of antibiotics present in drinking water system. Secondary: Bacteria carrying antibiotic resistant genes in drinking water system
Results:
Results will include descriptive statistics of number of bacterial colonies harvested from water samples grown on Reasoner’s agar (R2A agar) with or without antibiotics, occurrence of antibiotic resistant genes, and level of antibiotics detected in water samples. Conclusion This study will provide baseline information on the status of antimicrobial resistant bacteria, presence of resistance genes as contaminants and level of antibiotics present in drinking water systems.
Citation
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