JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Diabetes contributes to 2% of the mortality rate worldwide and 6% in Indonesia. The increase of mortality rate and the decrease of quality of life caused by Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and its complications affect the health and economy of the patient, family, society, or even the country's health system. There are various problems faced by T2DM patients and pharmacists during the treatment, such as unhealthy diet, lack of physical activities, and poor knowledge regarding the disease and treatment, which contribute to the lack of patient adherence. The worldwide intervention for diabetes focuses on self-management education. The varied results in studies about interventions show that no particular intervention method can be regarded as the most effective one. In Indonesia, there are limited studies on educational intervention to improve quality of life and health.

Objective:

This study aims to explore the experiences and needs of T2DM patients in Sleman Regency Yogyakarta to develop self-management education needed by T2DM patients.

Methods:

The study will use the phenomenology method with purposive sampling as the data collection technique. The participants who will contribute to the research are Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSMP) patients in the public health center of Sleman Regency, aged 18 or over, diagnosed with T2DM for more than a year, with HbA1c ≤ 7,5% and > 7,5%, capable of communicating verbally, literate, capable of using Indonesian, not deaf, and willing to participate. The data collection is based on Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) which covers selecting assessment targets and analyzing personal factors, environment, and behavior that determine the knowledge, attitude, and adherence of T2DM patients. The researcher will collect the data through in-depth face-to-face interviews to learn about the knowledge, self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, outcome experience, worry, illness belief, treatment belief, diet, physical activity, medicine intake, treatment pattern, support system, as well as ethnic and cultural influence. The results will be taken from unstructured and open questions written in Indonesian according to the interview guidelines. The data analysis process will go through several stages: reading the data thoroughly, coding, sorting the categories, creating the theme, making general descriptions, and presenting the data in charts, narratives, and recorded quotations from the interview.

Results:

This study received grant in May 2021 and gained permission from the Ethics Committee on 1 July 2021. Data collection will start on 12 August 2021 and the result is to be submitted in 2021.

Conclusions:

The result of this study will be used to design an educational intervention model to improve knowledge, attitude, and adherence of T2DM patients.