Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Formative Research
Date Submitted: Jan 31, 2022
Date Accepted: Jul 28, 2022
Integrating social determinants of health with tobacco treatment for individuals with opioid use disorder: A feasibility and acceptability study of delivery through text messaging
ABSTRACT
Background:
Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) smoke at alarmingly high rates and frequently experience unmet social determinants of health (SDOH) needs that may be barriers to stopping smoking.
Objective:
We tested the feasibility and acceptability of a 28-day text-messaging program, tailored to individuals with OUD, which provides smoking cessation support and addresses unmet SDOH needs.
Methods:
Methods:
From July-December 2019, we enrolled 25 hospitalized individuals with tobacco dependence and OUD at our large safety-net hospital. Participants were enrolled into either the 'Ready to quit within 30 days (RTQ)' or the 'Not ready to quit within 30 days (NRTQ)' program based on their readiness to quit. Automated text messages were sent twice each day for 4 weeks. Questionnaires and interviews were conducted at baseline, 2- and 4- weeks post-enrollment.
Results:
Participants were 56% (14/25) female, 36% (9/25) African American, 92% (23/25) unemployed, and 96% (24/25) Medicaid-insured. Eighty-four percent (21/25) activated the program and no participants unsubscribed. Fifty-seven percent (12/21) completed either the 2- or 4- week questionnaires. Program satisfaction was high (1-7 range; overall mean=6.7, SD=0.8). Seventy-five percent (9/12) rated SDOH text messages (e.g., where to find food pantries) 'helpful'. Many perceived that the text-messaging program provided social support, companionship, and motivation to stop smoking.
Conclusions:
Text messaging to promote smoking cessation and address SDOH needs may be an effective tool to improve quit rates and health outcomes for individuals with tobacco dependence and OUD. Our results provide valuable insights on development, feasibility, and acceptability of such a program.
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