JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

There are places in the world where access to dermatologists can be very challenging and general practitioners may not be well trained about diagnosis and treatment of skin conditions. Store-and-forward teledermatology may improve access to specialty care, provides accurate diagnoses, and reduce time to treatment, resulting in high patient satisfaction. The early detection and timely treatment of severe skin diseases could prevent adverse health outcomes and death. On the other hand, some skin conditions such as mild atopic dermatitis, acne, and fungal infections could be managed within primary care using teledermatology.

Objective:

We aimed to: 1) evaluate the proportion of individuals who could be assessed in primary care using teledermatology, and how this affected the waiting time for an in-person dermatologist appointment; 2) to assess the most frequent dermatoses according to demographic data and referrals made by the teledermatologist.

Methods:

A cross-sectional retrospective study, involving 30,976 individuals and 55,624 skin lesions, was performed from July 2017- July 2018 in the city of São Paulo. We assessed the frequency of diagnoses and referrals to biopsy, to in-person dermatologists, or to primary care, and compared the waiting time for an in-person dermatologist appointment before and after the teledermatology implementation.

Results:

53% of the patients were managed with the primary care physician, 43% were referred to in-person dermatologists and 4% directly to biopsy, leading to a reduction of 78% in the waiting time for in-person appointments when compared to the previous period (from 6.7 to 1.5 months ). The most frequent diseases were: melanocytic nevus, seborrheic keratosis, acne, benign neoplasms, onychomycosis, atopic dermatitis, solar lentigo, melasma, xerosis, and epidermoid cyst, with significant differences according to sex, age and referrals (Fig 1 A-B).

Conclusions:

The use of teledermatology as a triage tool significantly reduced the waiting time for in-person visits, improving health care access and utilizing public resources wisely. Knowledge of sex, age, diagnoses and treatment of common skin conditions can enable public policies for the prevention and orientation of the population, as it can be used to train general physicians to address such cases.