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Risk Factors Associated with Dengue Fever in District Khyber, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan From 2nd September To 16th November 2019, A Case Control Study
ABSTRACT
Background:
Dengue is a vector-borne disease which is endemic in Pakistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa as well. Total 300 confirmed dengue cases were reported in Khyber district in 2019, where prompt response was initiated by Disease Surveillance and Response Unit (DSRU). Subsequently, a study was planned to identify the risk factors associated with dengue fever and propose recommendation for contaminant of disease.
Objective:
1. To assess the risk factors associated with dengue fever in district Khyber 2. To give input for further strengthen the existing system 3. To suggest recommendation for Dengue prevention in district Khyber
Methods:
A case control study was conducted in Khyber district from 2nd September to 20th November 2019. Cases were enrolled from health care facilities on a pre-defined cases definition where clinical signs and symptoms as well as laboratory confirmed NS1 results were included. Controls were taken from the community with a ratio of 1:2. Data was collected on a pre-tested questionnaire by face to face interviews.
Results:
A total of 300 cases were enrolled. Among all cases, 87 % (n=263/300) were male. Non usage of bed nets 45 %( n=269),OR 15, CI 9.9 to 24.07, P <0.001), non-usage of mosquito repellant 39% (n=236/601) OR 1.7,CI of 1.1 to 2.4, P<0.001). Presence of positive patients in neighbors 39 %( n=233) OR 16.6,CI of 11.11 to 24.93, P<0.001), subjects infected with dengue fever in a combine family with 35 % (n=213) OR 1.47,CI of 1.04 to 2.00, P <0.001) and sleeping outdoors 40% (n=241) OR of 3.32 CI of 2.3 to 4.7,P<0.001) were found significantly associated with dengue fever.
Conclusions:
Dengue is a preventable disease and can be controlled by proper usage of bed nets, mosquito repellants modifying sleeping habits and improving family structure. Training of the health staff on dengue management and community awareness is recommended
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