Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Medical Education
Date Submitted: Dec 14, 2021
Open Peer Review Period: Dec 14, 2021 - Feb 8, 2022
Date Accepted: Sep 5, 2022
(closed for review but you can still tweet)
Software-based simulation on a 3D environment for vaccination teaching and learning: design science research
ABSTRACT
Background:
Student training requires specific laboratories for vaccination practice, which are usually limited, and even professionals’ continuing education regularly lacks proper care. Thus, new methodologies, concepts, and technologies, such as software-based simulations, are highly demanded.
Objective:
This work aims to develop a three-dimensional virtual environment to support teaching activities in the vaccination room. The software-based simulation must contribute positively to teaching considering a variable set of scenarios.
Methods:
We employed the design science research method to guide the work. First, the concepts and opportunities were raised, which we used to build the simulation (i.e., the proposed technological artifact). The development was assisted by a specialist, in which we sought to create a vaccination room according to Brazilian standards. The artifact evaluation was achieved in two stages: (1) an evaluation to validate the design with experts through the Delphi Method; and (2) a field evaluation with nursing students to validate aspects of usability (System Usability Scale) and technology acceptance and use (UTAUT2).
Results:
We built the simulation software using the Unity game engine. Additional module was also developed to create simulation scenarios and view the students’ performance reports. The design evaluation showed that the proposed solution is adequate. Students’ evaluations confirm good usability (SUS Score 81.4), besides highlighting the Performance Expectation as the most positively influential factor of the behavioral intention. Effort Expectancy is positively affected by younger users. Both evaluation audiences cited the high relevance of the proposed artifact for teaching. Points for improvement are also reported.
Conclusions:
The research accomplished its goal of creating a software-based simulation to support teaching scenarios in the vaccination room. The evaluations still reveal desirable improvements and user behavior towards this kind of technological artifact. Clinical Trial: Brazilian ethics committee CAAE 30545820.2.0000.5151
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