JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Suboptimal medication adherence is a significant problem for patients with serious mental illness (SMI). Measuring medication adherence through subjective and objective measures can be challenging, time consuming and inaccurate.

Objective:

We evaluated a digital medicine system (DMS) compared to treatment as usual (TAU) on adherence to oral aripiprazole and patient and provider perspectives on the feasibility and acceptability of a DMS.

Methods:

This open-label, 2-site, provider-randomized trial assessed aripiprazole refill adherence in Veterans with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or major depressive disorder. We randomized 26 providers such that their patients either received TAU or DMS for a period of 90 days. Semi-structured interviews with patients and providers were used to examine feasibility and acceptability of using the DMS.

Results:

We enrolled 46 patients across 2 Veterans Affairs (VA) sites: (21 in DMS and 25 in TAU). There was no difference in medication refill over 3 and 6 months, respectively (82% and 75% DMS vs. 86% and 82% TAU). The DMS arm had 85% days covered during the period they were engaged with the DMS (144 days on average). Interviews with patients (n=14) and providers (n=5) elicited themes salient to using the DMS. Patient themes included: pre-enrollment adherence strategies and interest in the DMS, positive impact on medication adherence, system usability challenges, support needs, and suggested design/functionality improvements. Provider themes included: concerns for patient medication adherence and interest in the DMS, concerns with the DMS, DMS dashboard usability, challenges of the DMS, and suggestions to increase provider use.

Conclusions:

There was no observed difference in refill rates. Among those who engaged in the DMS arm, refill rates were relatively high (85%). The qualitative analyses highlighted areas for further refinement of the DMS. Clinical Trial: NCT03881449