JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

There is solid evidence that lack of physical activity (PA) is a risk factor for chronic diseases. Sufficient levels of PA in childhood and adolescence are particularly important, as they can set the standards for PA levels in adulthood. The latest reports show that only a small percentage of adolescents reach the recommended levels of PA in EU countries at the age of 15 years. In view of the scale of the problem, it is crucial to develop interventions that promote and support PA in adolescents. Considering their low implementation costs and ubiquitous presence, smartphone apps could be advantageous as a part of PA interventions.

Objective:

This study aimed at the investigation of adolescents’ experiences, attitudes and preferences towards various PA app features and technologies that could (1) make an app more attractive for them and consequently (2) increase their interest and engagement with the app. The objective of this study was to identify features and components that are preferred by adolescents (aged 16-18) in apps promoting PA.

Methods:

Two separate focus group discussions were conducted in two groups of adolescents (n=4 each), aged 16-18 years. Focus groups were carried out online via video conference. The discussions were conducted using a semi-structured interview. Participants (n=8), 4 males and 4 females had a mean age of 17.25 years (SD 0.82). Transcripts were analyzed following the approach by Krueger and Casey, i.e. categorizing participants’ answers and comments according to the questions and themes from the focus group schedule.

Results:

Features such as ‘goal setting and planning’, ‘coaching and training programs’, ‘activity tracking’, ‘feedback’ and ‘location tracking’ were appraised as attractive, motivating and interesting. An ‘automatic activity recognition’ feature was perceived as useful only on condition that its precision is high. The ‘reminders’ component was also deemed as useful only if a range of conditions was fulfilled (timeliness, opportunity for customization, etc.) ‘Mood and sleep tracking’, ‘sharing workout results via social networks’, ‘digital avatar and coach’, and ‘rewards’ features were generally perceived negatively and considered as useless and not motivating. In general, participants preferred features with an easy-to-navigate interface and a clear, simplistic, straightforward layout with modern design. Customization and personalization qualities were highly appreciated throughout the app, together with data precision.

Conclusions:

This study contributes to the understanding of features and components preferred by adolescents in apps promoting PA. Such apps should provide users with precise data, have a simplistic, modern design and straightforward, easy-to-use interface. Apps should be personalized and customizable. Desired features to be included in the app are goal setting and planning, feedback, coaching and training programs, and activity tracking. Features should involve high levels of data precision and timely delivery while taking into consideration the real-life context.