JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Caregivers of children with newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes (T1D) maintain close contact with providers for several weeks to facilitate rapid adjustments in insulin dosing regimens. Traditionally, patient glucose values are relayed by telephone for provider feedback, but digital health technology can now enable remote sharing of glucose data via mobile applications.

Objective:

To test the feasibility of remote glucose monitoring in a population of children and adolescents with newly diagnosed T1D, and to explore whether remote monitoring alters habits for self-review of glucose data or perceived ease of provider contact in this population as compared to a control group.

Methods:

Data were collected from families participating in remote monitoring (intervention group) as well as from patients receiving usual care (control group). The intervention group received Bluetooth-capable glucose meters and Apple iPod Touch devices. Patient-generated glucose data was passively relayed from the meter to the iPod Touch and then to both the electronic health record (EHR) and a third-party diabetes data platform, Tidepool. The principal investigator reviewed glucose data daily in the EHR and Tidepool, and contacted participants as needed for insulin dose adjustments during the time between hospital discharge and first clinic appointment. Families in the control group received usual care, which involved keeping written records of glucose values and contacting the diabetes team daily by telephone to relay data and receive treatment recommendations. A total of 40 families (20 intervention, 20 control) participated in the study. All families were surveyed at one month and six months regarding self-review of glucose data and ease of contacting the diabetes team.

Results:

Patient-generated glucose data were remotely accessible for 100% of participants via Tidepool and for 85% via the EHR. Survey data indicated that families in the intervention group were more likely than those in the control group to review their glucose data using mobile health applications after one month (P <.001), but by six months this difference had disappeared. Perceived ease of contacting the clinical team for assistance was lower for the intervention group after six months (when receiving usual care) in comparison to during the intervention period (P = .48), and in comparison to a control group who did not have exposure to remote monitoring (P = .03).

Conclusions:

Remote glucose monitoring is feasible among pediatric patients with newly diagnosed T1D, and may be associated with earlier adoption of mobile health applications for self-management. Use of broadscale remote monitoring for T1D in the future will depend on improved access to Bluetooth-enabled mobile devices for all patients, improved interoperability of mobile health applications to enable data-transfer on Android as well as Apple devices, and new provider workflows to handle largescale panel management based on patient-generated health data. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04106440)