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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Research Protocols

Date Submitted: May 11, 2021
Date Accepted: Apr 1, 2022

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Sociocultural Adjustment and Well-being Among Third Culture Kids and Their Families: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study

Ooi YP, Reed M, Marchal-Jones E, Meyer A, Gaab J

Sociocultural Adjustment and Well-being Among Third Culture Kids and Their Families: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study

JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(7):e30088

DOI: 10.2196/30088

PMID: 35776500

PMCID: 9288103

Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.

Socio-cultural Adjustment and Well-being in Third Culture Kids and their Families: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study

  • Yoon Phaik Ooi; 
  • Marnie Reed; 
  • Emma Marchal-Jones; 
  • Andrea Meyer; 
  • Jens Gaab

ABSTRACT

Background:

Increasing globalization has led to more families with children being relocated each year, high-lighting the importance of issues such as acculturation, adjustment, and psychological well-being in this population. These children, commonly known as Third Culture Kids (TCKs), often spend a significant part of their developmental years in cultures foreign to them.

Objective:

Our longitudinal study aims to examine the roles of cognitive, psychological, socio-cultural, and family factors on the longitudinal trajectories of TCKs and their families’ well-being and socio-cultural adjustment over time.

Methods:

This study adopts both quantitative and qualitative procedures. Data from both procedures will be collected at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. We aim to recruit 150-200 participants between 7 and 17 years old and one of their primary caregivers. After providing informed consent, participants will complete an online survey. Outcome measures include validated questionnaires on well-being and socio-cultural adjustment. Predictor measures include validated questionnaires on negative self-thoughts, emotion regulation, resilience, psychological attributes, self-esteem, stress, acculturative stress, cultural intelligence, couple satisfaction, and family functioning. A multiple regression model will be used to analyze the quantitative data. In addition, 15-20 families who participated in the online survey will be randomly selected to take part in a family interview focusing on questions related to well-being, relocation experiences, cultural issues, and challenges. A concurrent triangulation mixed-method design will be used to analyze and interpret data from both quantitative and qualitative methods.

Results:

To date, a total of 131 participants and 120 parents have completed the baseline online survey. In addition, 28 children and 24 parents have completed the one-year follow-up online survey. A total of 6 families have completed the baseline family interview while 2 families have completed the one-year follow-up interview. Transcription of the interview is on-going.

Conclusions:

Findings from this study would enable us to understand the adjustment processes, and risk and protective factors associated with TCKs and their families’ well-being and socio-cultural ad-justment in Switzerland, which could have implications on the development of intervention pro-grams for individuals and families to address acculturation and adjustment issues. Clinical Trial: Not Applicable


 Citation

Please cite as:

Ooi YP, Reed M, Marchal-Jones E, Meyer A, Gaab J

Sociocultural Adjustment and Well-being Among Third Culture Kids and Their Families: Protocol for a Longitudinal Study

JMIR Res Protoc 2022;11(7):e30088

DOI: 10.2196/30088

PMID: 35776500

PMCID: 9288103

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