Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: Mar 17, 2021
Date Accepted: Jul 5, 2021
Computer-Based Interactive Narrative and a Serious Game for Children with Asthma: Development and Content Validity Analysis
ABSTRACT
Background:
Non-adherence to medication, failure to prevent asthma triggers exposure, lack of knowledge to use medication, and fixed mindset are contributors to lead poor asthma control in children. Digital learning bundles of educational narratives combined with a serious game provide a new strategy to improve health-related outcomes in childhood asthma.
Objective:
To develop and design a computer-based asthma educational module program composed of interactive narratives and a serious game for Indonesian children with asthma. The computer-based asthma education program was aimed at increasing understanding of asthma self-management, practicing proper inhaler technique, and promoting a growth mindset in children.
Methods:
Two phases of research were conducted to develop a computer-based asthma education game and interactive narratives. In the asthma content development and validation phase, a Delphi study was implemented to build consensus among an expert panel. The expert panel statements were evaluated using the content validity index. In the design phase, the SERES Framework, Norma Engaged Multimedia Design, and Psychological Theory of Growth Mindset were applied to create the theme, storyline, visualization, and challenges of the game. The design of characters, animation, and genre in the narratives and a serious game involved pediatrician, clinical pharmacist, and multimedia designer.
Results:
In the first phase, we conducted two rounds of the Delphi study, involving 40 experts in round 1 to generate 38 statements and 38 experts in round 2 to produce 25 statements. The content validity index was greater than 80% for 23/25 statements; the average content validity index of 0.9 was acceptable. The second phase generated four narrative plots and five-game sessions related to asthma self-management. Challenges that included visual characters, scenarios, rewards, scoring, and feedback on difficulties were designed to promote a growth mindset in children.
Conclusions:
We successfully produced a computer-based module containing interactive narratives and a serious game to deliver asthma self-management education and promote a growth mindset among children.
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