JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

In the U.S., the number of people experiencing homelessness (PEH) has continually increased for the last 3 years.Homelessness is associated with poor health, and PEH are often burdened with high rates of chronic and mental health conditions, functional limitations, and cognitive impairment. Despite a high burden of chronic illness and functional limitations, there is limited literature exploring self-management among homeless populations.

Objective:

To investigate how access to smartphone technology facilitates self-management including attainment of social needs within the context of homelessness.

Methods:

A secondary analysis of 33 exit interviews from two feasibility studies related to mHealth interventions among people experiencing homelessness (PEH) was conducted. Iterative thematic analysis was used to identify themes representative of participants’ experiences using smartphone technology.

Results:

Collectively, participants revealed how the context of homelessness constrained their ability to engage in activities necessary to self-manage health and meet social needs but also how consistent and predictable access to the tools available through a smartphone changed their behaviors and outlook. The global theme of empowered by technology was identified and defined as how having the smartphone with a plan for unlimited text, calling, data, and transportation allowed participants to navigate homelessness and facilitated self-management.

Conclusions:

PEH used the tools on a smartphone to make decisions, take action, solve problems, and utilize resources – skills necessary for fulfilling tasks required for effective self-management. Further, consistent access to Smartphone technology and transportation empowered participants to meet requirements for attainment of social needs.