JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

In March 2020, WHO has declared COVID-19 as a global pandemic. COVID-19 pandemic has affected various public health functions and essential services in different ways and magnitude. Although all countries have witnessed the effect of COVID-19, the impact differed based on many different factors including the integrity and resiliency of the countries’ health systems. This paper highlights the current efforts and interventions that various stakeholders have carried out to control COVID-19, and identifies the main challenges faced and the expected changes in the future of public health at the global, regional, and national levels. Numerous agencies and actors are involved in the fight against COVID-19 with variations in their effectiveness. The public health services showed weakness in most of the countries, in addition to the lack of adequate curative medicine settings. The pandemic highlighted the need for better governance and stronger and more resilient health systems and capacities. COVID-19 experience has also emphasized the importance of coordination and collaboration among the countries and stakeholders. The COVID-19 pandemic might lead to a wide discussion to improve international and national approaches to prepare for and respond to similar events in terms of preparedness and response mechanisms, and tools. Public health will not be the same as before COVID-19. New health priorities, approaches, and new agenda will be on the table of the global platforms and initiatives. More investment in research and technology to meet the demand for the new vaccines and medicines, innovative methods like distance learning and working, more respect and remuneration to health professionals, and normalization of the public health and social measures that were induced during the COVID-19 pandemic are expected to be seen in future.