JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Digital health resources are being increasingly used to support women with substance use concerns. Although empirical research demonstrates that these resources have promise, the available evidence for their benefit in women requires further investigation.

Objective:

The objective of the current investigation was to evaluate the evidence supporting the efficacy or effectiveness for online or mobile interventions for risky or harmful substance use in adults who identify as female or women, or who report a history of trauma.

Methods:

This scoping review is based on an academic search in MEDLINE, APA PsycINFO, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, and CINAHL, as well as a grey literature search in U.S. and Canadian government and funding agency websites. Of the 4977 records identified, 355 remained following title and abstract screening. Of these, 121 met all eligibility criteria and were reviewed and synthesized.

Results:

The 121 records reflected 96 distinct studies, and 85 distinct interventions. Investigations and the interventions evaluated predominantly focused on alcohol use or general substance use. Digital health resources evaluated included multi-session and brief session interventions, with a wide range of therapeutic elements. More intensive online and mobile interventions exhibited moderate to strong effects in the vast majority of studies, whereas brief interventions demonstrated smaller effect sizes at short-term follow-up periods. Most investigations did not assess gender identity, or conduct sex- or gender-based analyses. Only 10 investigations that included trauma were located.

Conclusions:

Despite the overall promise of digital health interventions for substance use concerns, direct or quantitative evidence for efficacy or effectiveness of interventions in females or women specifically is weak.