Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Date Submitted: Nov 13, 2020
Date Accepted: Sep 7, 2021
Artificial Intelligence in Rehabilitation Targeting Participation of Children and Youth with Disabilities: A Scoping Review
ABSTRACT
Background:
In the last decade, there has been rapid increase in research on the use of artificial intelligence (AI) to improve key pediatric rehabilitation outcomes such as participation in daily life activities. However, existing reviews place variable focus on participation, are narrow in scope, and are restricted to select diagnoses, hindering interpretability regarding the existing scope of AI applications in rehabilitation that target participation of children and youth with disabilities or other diagnosed health conditions.
Objective:
The purpose of this scoping review is to examine how AI is integrated into pediatric rehabilitation interventions targeting the participation of children and youth with disabilities or other diagnosed health conditions in valued activities.
Methods:
A systematic literature search was conducted in well-established applied health sciences and computer science databases. Two independent researchers screened and selected studies based on a systematic procedure. Inclusion criteria were: 1) participation was an explicit study aim or outcome, or the targeted focus of the AI application; 2) AI was applied as part of the provided and tested intervention; 3) children or youth with a disability or other diagnosed health condition were the focus of the study and/or AI application; and 4) the article was published in English. Data were mapped according to types of AI, mode of delivery, type of personalization, and whether the intervention addressed individual goal-setting.
Results:
The literature search identified 1,852 articles of which 63 met the inclusion criteria. Most included articles used multiple AI applications with the highest prevalence of robotics (N=55/63, 87%) and human-agent/computer/robot interaction (N=35/63, 56%). As for mode of delivery, most of the included articles described an intervention delivered in-person (N= 56/63, 89%) and only 7 (11%) were delivered remotely. Most interventions were tailored to groups of individuals (n=62/63, 98%) and only one was tailored to patients’ individual needs (2%). No intervention described individual goal setting as part of their therapy process or intervention planning.
Conclusions:
There is an increasing amount of research on interventions using AI to target participation of children and youth with disabilities or other diagnosed health conditions, supporting the potential of using AI in pediatric rehabilitation. Based on our results, 3 major gaps for further research and development were identified: 1) A lack of remotely provided participation-focused interventions using AI; 2) a lack of individual goal-setting integrated in interventions; and 3) a lack of interventions tailored to individual needs of children, youth and/or families. Clinical Trial: N/A
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