JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

The transition to parenting – that is, the journey from pre-conception through pregnancy and postpartum periods – is one of the most emotionally charged and information intense times for individuals and families. While there is a developing body of literature on the use and impact of digital technology on the information behaviors of children, adolescents and young adults, personal use of digital technology during the transition to parenting and in support of infants to 2 years of age is relatively understudied.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to enhance our understanding of the ways digital technologies contribute to the experience of the transition to parenting; particularly the role these technologies play in organizing and structuring emerging pregnancy and early parenting practices.

Methods:

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted to understand new parents’ experiences with and uses of digital technology during four-stages – pre-natal, pregnancy, labour, and post-partum – of their transition to becoming a new parent. A purposive sampling strategy was implemented using snowball sampling techniques to recruit participants who had become a parent within the previous 24 months. Focus groups and follow up interviews were conducted using semi-structured interview guides that inquired about parents' type and use of technologies for self and family health. Transcribed audio recordings were thematic analyzed.

Results:

A total of 13 focus groups and three individual interviews were completed with 26 participants. While recruitment efforts targeted parents of all genders and sexual orientations, all participants identified as heterosexual women. Participants reported prolific use of digital technologies to direct fertility (e.g. ovulation timing); information seeking regarding development of their fetus, to prepare for labour and delivery, and in searching for a sense of community during postpartum. Participants expressed their need for these technologies to assist them in the day-to-day demands of preparing for and undertaking parenting, yet expressed concerns about their personal patterns of use, and the potential negative impacts their use. Three themes generated from the data included:“Is this normal; is this happening to you?!”, “Am I having a heart attack; what is this?”, “Anyone can put anything on Wikipedia”: Trustworthiness of Digital Information.

Conclusions:

Digital technologies were used by mothers to track menstrual cycles during preconception; monitor, document, and announce a pregnancy during the prenatal stage; prepare for delivery during labour/birth stage; and to help babies sleep, document/announce their birth, and to connect to parenting resources during the post-partum stage. Mothers used digital technologies to reassure themselves that their experiences were normal or to seek help when they were abnormal. Digital technologies provided mothers with convenient means to access health information from a range of sources yet mothers were apprehensive about the credibility and trustworthiness of the information they retrieved. Further research should seek to understand how men and fathers use digital technologies during their transition to parenting. Additionally, further research should critically examine how constant access to information effects mothers’ perceived need to self-monitor and further understand the unintended health consequences of constant surveillance on new parents.