Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Human Factors
Date Submitted: Aug 23, 2020
Date Accepted: Dec 23, 2020
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
The Use of Telehealth Technology to Support Health Coaching: A Scoping Review
ABSTRACT
Background:
Health coaching is an intervention process for driving behavior change through goal-setting, education, encouragement and feedback on health-related behaviors. Telehealth systems that include health coaching and remote monitoring are making inroads in managing chronic conditions in elderly populations.
Objective:
To conduct a scoping review investigating the current status of health coaching interventions incorporating telehealth technology and the associated effectiveness of this intervention to deliver health care to seniors.
Methods:
A scoping literature review was conducted to identify the research conducted on health coaching combined with remote monitoring for delivering health care to seniors. The Ovid MEDLINE and CINAHL databases were queried using a combination of relevant search terms (including middle aged, aged, older adult, elderly, health coaching, and wellness coaching). The search retrieved 196 papers published from January 2010 to September 2019 in English. Following a systematic scoping review process, the titles and abstracts of the papers retrieved were screened for applicability to health coaching for seniors to define a subset for further review. The full text of the 42 papers in this subset were then reviewed, and 13 papers related to health coaching combined with remote monitoring for seniors were included in this scoping study.
Results:
Of the 13 studies reviewed, seven found coaching supported by telehealth technology to be effective in managing chronic conditions in seniors. Effectiveness outcomes assessed in the studies included hospital admissions/readmissions, mortality, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level, body weight, blood pressure, physical activity level, fatigue, quality of life, and user acceptance of the coaching program and technology.
Conclusions:
Telehealth systems that include health coaching have been implemented in senior populations as a viable intervention method for managing chronic conditions with mixed results. Health coaching combined with telehealth may be an effective solution for providing health care to older adults while enabling them to remain in their homes as they age. However, health coaching is predominantly performed by human coaches with limited use of technology to augment or replace the human coach. The opportunity exists to expand health coaching to include automated coaching.
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