JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Physical activity is beneficial for cardiovascular rehabilitation. Digitalization has suggested the idea of using technology as an element in the promotion of physical activity and lifestyle changes. The effectiveness of distance technology interventions has previously been found to be similar to that of conventional treatment, but the additional value of the technology has not been studied as frequently.

Objective:

The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the effectiveness of additional distance technology intervention on physical activity and compare it to non-technology–based treatment in cardiac rehabilitation.

Methods:

A 12-month cardiovascular disease rehabilitation intervention was developed, consisting of three inpatient periods in a rehabilitation center and controlled self-exercise periods at home in between. Participants were cluster-randomized into the conventional rehabilitation group (n=30) and additional distance technology (Fitbit Charge HR activity monitor and Movendos mCoach internet software) rehabilitation group (n=29). Physical activity outcomes were measured using the Fitbit Zip accelerometer and the International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ).

Results:

During the first 6 months, the additional distance technology rehabilitation group engaged in light physical activity more often than the conventional rehabilitation group (mean difference (MD) 324.2 minutes per week, 95% CI 77.4 to 571.0, P = 0.01). There were no group differences in the duration of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MD 12.6 minutes per week, 95% CI -90.5 to 115.7, P = 0.82) or steps per day (MD 1084.0, 95% CI -585.0 to 2752.9, P = 0.20). During the following 6 months, no differences between the groups were observed in light physical activity (MD -87.9 minutes per week, 95% CI -379.2 to 203.3, P = 0.54), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MD 70.9 minutes per week, 95% CI -75.7 to 217.6, P = 0.33) or in steps per day (MD 867.1, 95% CI -2099.6 to 3833.9, P = 0.55).

Conclusions:

Additional distance technology may increase light physical activity at the beginning of cardiac rehabilitation but does not promote moderate or vigorous physical activity or steps per day. Clinical Trial: ISRCTN Registry, url: https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN61225589, reg. number: ISRCTN61225589.