JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

An infodemic is an overabundance of information – some accurate and some not – that occurs during an epidemic. In a similar manner to an epidemic, it spreads between humans via digital and physical information systems. It makes it hard for people to find trustworthy sources and reliable guidance when they need it.

Objective:

A WHO technical consultation on responding to the infodemic related to the COVID-19 pandemic was held, entirely online, to crowdsource suggested actions for a framework for infodemic management.

Methods:

A group of policymakers, public health professionals, researchers, students and other concerned stakeholders was joined by representatives of the media, social media platforms, various private sector organizations and civil society to suggest and discuss actions for all parts of society, and multiple related professional and scientific disciplines, methods and technologies. 594 ideas for actions were crowdsourced online during the discussions and consolidated into suggestions for an infodemic management framework.

Results:

The analysis team distilled the suggestins into a set of 50 proposed actions for a framework for managing infodemics in health emergencies. The consultation revealed six policy implications to consider. First, interventions and messages must be based on science and evidence, and must reach citizens and enable them to make informed decisions on how to protect themselves and their communities in a health emergency. Second, knowledge should be translated into actionable behaviour-change messages, presented in ways that are understood by and accessible to all individuals in all parts of all societies. Third, governments should reach out to key communities to ensure their concerns and information needs are understood, tailoring advice and messages to address the audiences they represent. Fourth, to strengthen the analysis and amplification of information impact, strategic partnerships should be formed across all sectors, including but not limited to the social media and technology sectors, academia, and civil society. Fifth, health authorities should ensure that the above actions are informed by reliable information that helps them understand the circulating narratives and changes in the flow of information, questions and misinformation in communities. Sixth, following experiences to date in responding to the COVID-19 infodemic and the lessons from other disease outbreaks, infodemic management approaches should be further developed to support preparedness and response and to inform risk mitigation, and enhanced through data science and socio-behavioural and other research.

Conclusions:

The first version of this framework proposes five action areas in which WHO Member States and actors within society can apply, according to their mandate, an infodemic management approach adapted to national contexts and practices. Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic and the related infodemic require swift, regular, systematic and coordinated action from multiple sectors of society and government. It remains crucial that we promote trusted information and fight misinformation, thereby helping save lives.