JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Adolescents diagnosed with persistent asthma commonly take less than 50% of their prescribed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), placing them at-risk for asthma-related morbidity. Adolescents’ difficulties with adherence occur in the context of normative developmental changes (e.g., increased responsibility for disease management) and rely upon still developing self-regulation and problem-solving skills that are integral for asthma self-management. We developed an adaptive mobile health (mHealth) system, Responsive Asthma Care for Teens (ReACT), that facilitates self-regulation and problem-solving skills during times when adolescents’ objectively measured ICS adherence data indicate suboptimal rates of medication use.

Objective:

The current paper describes our user-centered and evidence-based design process in developing ReACT. We explain how we leveraged a combination of individual interviews, national crowdsourced feedback, and an advisory board comprised of target users to develop intervention content.

Methods:

We developed ReACT over a 15-month period using one-on-one interviews with target ReACT users (n = 20), national crowdsourcing (n = 257), and an advisory board (n = 4) to refine content. Participants included 13 to 17-year-olds with asthma and their caregivers. A total of 280 adolescents and their caregivers participated in at least one stage of ReACT development.

Results:

Consistent with self-regulation theory, adolescents identified a variety of salient intrapersonal (e.g., forgetfulness, mood) and external barriers (e.g., changes in routine) to ICS use during individual interviews. Adolescents viewed the majority of ReACT intervention content (93%) favorably during the crowdsourcing phase and the advisory board helped to refine the content that did not receive favorable feedback during crowdsourcing. Additionally, the advisory board provided suggestions for improving additional components of ReACT (e.g., videos, message flow).

Conclusions:

ReACT involved stakeholders via qualitative approaches and crowdsourcing throughout the creation and refinement of intervention content. The feedback we received from participants largely supported ReACT’s emphasis on providing adaptive and personalized intervention content to facilitate self-regulation and problem-solving skills and the research team successfully completed the recommended refinements to intervention content during the iterative development process.