Accepted for/Published in: JMIR mHealth and uHealth
Date Submitted: Feb 2, 2019
Date Accepted: Jul 27, 2019
Date Submitted to PubMed: Jan 24, 2020
Using human centered design to enact adaptations in mHealth videos in Burkina Faso: A Video Adaptation Framework
ABSTRACT
Background:
mHealth video interventions are often transferred across settings. While the outcomes of these transferred interventions are frequently published, the process of adapting such videos is less described, particularly within and across lower-income contexts. This study fills a gap in the literature by outlining experiences and priorities adapting a suite of South African maternal nutrition videos to the context of rural Burkina Faso.
Objective:
To determine key components in adapting a suite of maternal nutrition, mHealth videos across settings.
Methods:
Guided by the principles of Human Centered Design, this qualitative study included 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), 30 In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) and 30 observations. We first used FGDs to capture insights on local nutrition, and impressions of the original (South African) videos. After making rapid adjustments based on these FGDs, we used additional methods (FGDs, IDIs and observations) to identify challenges, essential video refinements and preferences in terms of content delivery. All data was collected in French or Dioula, recorded, transcribed and translated as necessary into French before being thematically coded by two authors.
Results:
We propose a three-pronged Video Adaptation Framework that places the aim of video adaption at the center of a triangle framed by end-recipients, health workers and the environment. End-recipients (here, pregnant or lactating mothers) directed us to: (i) align the appearance, priorities and practices of the video’s protagonist to that of Burkinabe women; (ii) be mindful of local realities whether economic, health-related or educational; and (iii) identify and routinely reiterate key points throughout videos and via reminder cards. Health workers (here, Community Health Workers and Mentor Mothers delivering the videos) guided us to: (i) improve technology training; (ii) simplify language and images; and (iii) increase the frequency of their engagements with end-recipients. In terms of the environment, respondents guided us to localize climate, vegetation, diction, and how foods are depicted.
Conclusions:
Design research provided valuable insights in terms of developing a framework for video adaptation across settings, which other interventionists and scholars can use to guide adaptations of similar interventions.
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