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Accepted for/Published in: Journal of Medical Internet Research

Date Submitted: Oct 1, 2026
Date Accepted: Oct 17, 2026

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Relating to AI in Spiritual Care

Notermans R, Warmenhoven FC, Aartsen BWJ, Notermans R

Relating to AI in Spiritual Care

J Med Internet Res 2026;28:e113467

DOI: 10.2196/113467

PMID: 43002698

Relating to Artificial Intelligence in Spiritual Care

  • Roos Notermans; 
  • Fransisca Christiane Warmenhoven; 
  • Bauk Wilhelmina Jan Aartsen; 
  • Roos Notermans

ABSTRACT

In response to a recent published Delphi study on AI in spiritual care, this commentary focusses on ways to perceive the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and a human being in the context of spiritual care. The authors explore this relationship by framing it within the philosophy of Martin Buber. Because AI has no lived experience or existential crises of its own, they question whether a truly fulfilling encounter between a human being and an AI model is possible when the relationship is inherently asymmetrical on an existential level.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Notermans R, Warmenhoven FC, Aartsen BWJ, Notermans R

Relating to AI in Spiritual Care

J Med Internet Res 2026;28:e113467

DOI: 10.2196/113467

PMID: 43002698

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