Currently submitted to: JMIR Research Protocols
Date Submitted: Sep 23, 2026
Open Peer Review Period: Sep 24, 2026 - Nov 19, 2026
(currently open for review)
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Online Social Management Training for People with Sex Chromosome Aneuploidy: Protocol for a Single-Group Multiple-Baseline Feasibility Trial
ABSTRACT
Background:
Persons with sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs, i.e., a number of sex chromosomes that is different from the most common 46,XX and 46,XY), often struggle with social interactions. A Dutch pilot study examined Social Management Training (SMT), an intervention designed to help men with Klinefelter syndrome (KS; 47,XXY) navigate social interactions. SMT was adapted to target executive functions, emotion regulation, and social cognition in a novel neurocognitive-behavioral program tailored to the specific vulnerabilities of men with KS and showed promising outcomes.
Objective:
The current study aims to expand on the Dutch pilot study by (1) Adapting SMT to Scandinavian individuals with SCAs in an online-delivered format enabling wide geographic reach; (2) Testing the feasibility, acceptability, and potential benefits of SMT; and (3) Examining the use of SMT on SCAs beyond KS, including Jacobs syndrome, Triple X syndrome, or Turner syndrome.
Methods:
The intervention runs weekly and comprises 10 group sessions. Through a single-group multiple-baseline design, data are collected at six time points; three pre- and three post-intervention. The main effect to be examined is the difference between pre- and post-intervention. The primary outcome is mental health, and secondary outcomes are social and executive functioning. Participants are recruited through Centers for Rare Diseases, Klinefelter associations, and endocrinologists. We plan to include 20-30 participants by the end of 2028.
Results:
This pilot involves evaluating the feasibility of a digitally based psychosocial intervention designed to improve mental health, as well as social, emotional, and executive functioning among individuals with SCAs. The findings will inform intervention refinement and the design of a future definitive randomized controlled trial.
Conclusions:
The development of such interventions can lead to socio-economic benefits in the form of long-term improved health outcomes for people by improving overall functioning. Clinical Trial: clinicaltrials.gov (NCT07718997)
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