Currently submitted to: JMIR Preprints
Date Submitted: Aug 14, 2026
Open Peer Review Period: Aug 14, 2026 - Jul 30, 2027
(currently open for review)
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
VERIFY: A Framework for Physician Oversight of Ambient AI Scribe–Generated Clinical Documentation
ABSTRACT
Background:
Ambient AI scribes are deployed in approximately 30% of US health systems, with adoption doubling annually. Existing governance frameworks address organizational, system, regulatory, and medico-legal levels, but none equip individual physicians to evaluate AI-generated documentation before signing it into the permanent record.
Objective:
To propose a physician-level framework grounded in published evidence of AI scribe failure modes, including 1–3% hallucination, ~3% omission, fabricated medications, invented exam findings, incorrect negations, and misattributed statements. Discussion: The VERIFY framework is an integrated toolkit comprising a six-item mnemonic review protocol performed at the moment of signature, a four-tier risk taxonomy organized by harm potential, and pre-adoption vendor questions. The framework operationalizes the most consequential step in AI-assisted documentation: the moment between AI draft and signed medical record. Conclusion: VERIFY functions as the physician-level complement to existing organizational, regulatory, and tool-evaluation frameworks, completing governance at the point of care.
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