Previously submitted to: JMIR Research Protocols (no longer under consideration since Aug 11, 2026)
Date Submitted: Feb 7, 2025
Evaluation of Salivary and Serum levels of Leptin and Adiponectin in patients with Stage I-IV Periodontitis- A Protocol for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Background:
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the supporting structures of the teeth and has been closely related to systemic conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Adipokines that plays crucial role in inflammation as well as immune regulation includes, leptin and adiponectin. The relationship between adipokines and periodontitis may help in providing identification of disease biomarkers for its diagnosis and prognosis.
Objective:
We aims to investigate the relationship the severity of periodontitis and the levels of adipokines including, leptin and adiponectin.
Methods:
The authors will search PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase with no language limits. Reviewers will also hand search and review bibliographies of relevant articles, check trial registers for ongoing trials, and check for potentially relevant research. Keywords to be used in the search are adipokines, leptin, adiponectin, and Periodontitis. Observational and interventional studies reporting quantitative salivary and/or serum leptin and adiponectin levels will be included, wherein an open or blinded assessment of outcomes has been done. In addition, full-length journal publications reporting will also be included. Brief abstracts, which are mostly reports of meetings, nonrandomized studies, those on experimental pain and those with animal models, and observational studies will be excluded. For each study, eligibility will be determined separately by three review authors. Risk of Bias (RoB) shall be assessed for each study in accordance with established Cochrane methodology. Observational and interventional studies reporting quantitative salivary and/or serum leptin and adiponectin levels will be included. The primary effect measure will be the standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals. Serum and salivary levels will be analyzed separately. A random-effects model will be used to account for expected heterogeneity. Heterogeneity will be assessed using the I² statistic.
Results:
The peer review process started in August 2024. Literature searching and screening took place between September 2024 and March 2025. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment are currently ongoing and are expected to be finished by December 2025. As of February 2026, 312 records have been identified, 48 full-text articles have been screened for eligibility, and 22 studies have been included for qualitative synthesis, 15 of which are eligible for meta-analysis. Data analysis is expected to be finished by March 2026, and the results are expected to be submitted for publication by mid-2026.
Conclusions:
This systematic review and meta-analysis will offer a full proof of the relationship between leptin, adiponectin, and Stage I-IV periodontitis. This will help to clarify discrepancies in the current literature and will establish the potential use of these adipokines as biomarkers for periodontitis.
ClinicalTrial:
Prospero CRD42024541600; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID= CRD42024541600
Citation
Request queued. Please wait while the file is being generated. It may take some time.
Copyright
© The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.