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Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, Rajasegaram ST, Osman NN, Foster E, Foster E, Foster E, Foster E, Ng CM, Ng CM, Abu Hassan Shaari NS, A McCaffrey T, Owen Prawira C, Olivier P, Watterson J
A Digital Dietary Assessment Tool for a Multicultural Population (Intake24 Malaysia): Protocol for a Development and Validation Study
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Intake24 Malaysia: Study Protocol to Develop and Validate a Digital Dietary Assessment Tool for a Multicultural Population
Nik Nur Izzati Nik Mohd Fakhruddin;
Shaleen Tho Rajasegaram;
Nurul Natasha Osman;
Emma Foster;
Emma Foster;
Emma Foster;
Emma Foster;
Choon Ming Ng;
Choon Ming Ng;
Nur Suraiya Abu Hassan Shaari;
Tracy A McCaffrey;
Christopher Owen Prawira;
Patrick Olivier;
Jessica Watterson
ABSTRACT
Background:
Malaysia is a multicultural country with the main ethnic groups being Bumiputra, Chinese, and Indian. This creates a rich food culture with distinct dishes, cooking styles, and portion sizes, making dietary assessment challenging. Intake24 is a web-based 24-hour dietary recall system that automates data collection, reduces recall bias, and saves time.
Objective:
This paper describes a protocol for the development and relative validation of Intake24 Malaysia (Intake24-MY) for the Malaysian population.
Methods
This paper describes two phases in adapting Intake24-MY: (1) the development process and (2) the validation study. Phase 1 consists of the following components: (1a) system translation, (1b) food list development, (1c) portion-size estimation, (1d) food-composition data, (1e) small-scale and pilot testing, and (1f) user guide development. Phase (2a) single-meal validation study that will be conducted among 100 adults, comparing Intake24-MY with observed intake. Phase 2b) cross-sectional study conducted among 482 Malaysian adults to compare 4 days of dietary intake using Intake24-MY against an interviewer-led 24-hour dietary recall. A structured questionnaire will be used to assess the feedback on the usability of Intake24-MY. The Bland-Altman method will be used to determine the agreement between these methods.
Results:
Recruitment for the pilot study began in September 2025. The single-meal validation study has been ongoing and is scheduled for completion by March 2026. Recruitment for the relative validation is scheduled to begin in May 2026, following institutional review board approval from the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (MUHREC ID: 41337).
Conclusion
Intake24-MY is a comprehensive digital dietary assessment tool for Malaysia and will contribute to improving dietary assessment for the multi-ethnic population in Malaysia.
Citation
Please cite as:
Nik Mohd Fakhruddin NNI, Rajasegaram ST, Osman NN, Foster E, Foster E, Foster E, Foster E, Ng CM, Ng CM, Abu Hassan Shaari NS, A McCaffrey T, Owen Prawira C, Olivier P, Watterson J
A Digital Dietary Assessment Tool for a Multicultural Population (Intake24 Malaysia): Protocol for a Development and Validation Study