Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Research Protocols
Date Submitted: Dec 21, 2025
Date Accepted: Mar 31, 2026
Use of Shared Decision-Making in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Protocol for a Scoping Review
ABSTRACT
Background:
With a growing menu of new treatment options for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), new longitudinal patient-reported quality of life data, and an aging population that manages treatment burden from other co-existing conditions, there is a need for shared decision-making processes and tools to help urologists and patients to navigate these increasingly complex decisions. What remains unknown is how shared decision-making is currently incorporated into NMIBC treatment decisions and factors that inform key decisions in NMIBC.
Objective:
The objective of this scoping review is to map and characterize the existing literature on shared decision-making in NMIBC, with a focus on decision-making tools, decision points in the NMIBC cancer journey, and factors influencing patient and clinician decision-making.
Methods:
This scoping review will be conducted and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) 2020 guidelines. A comprehensive search strategy will identify published, unpublished, and grey literature from databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science), professional society websites, and foundation websites. Eligibility criteria were determined based on the population, concept, and context framework. The population will include adults ≥18 years at diagnosis of NMIBC with urothelial histology. The concept focuses on existing shared decision-making tools and patient and urologist factors contributing to decisions. The context we will study includes urology clinics in academic and community settings.
Results:
The literature search was conducted in September 2025. Abstract and title screening, full-text review, and qualitative data coding and quantitative data analysis are anticipated to be completed by October 2026.
Conclusions:
The treatment landscape for NMIBC is quickly evolving with a growing menu of new options, each with their own risks and benefits. This scoping review will enable us to understand how shared decision-making is being used for NMIBC treatment decisions currently and the key factors that are important to urologists and patients. These data will guide future intervention development and research to enhance the quality of shared decision-making in NMIBC. Clinical Trial: Open Science Framework Registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/5HTW8
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