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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Medical Informatics

Date Submitted: Dec 15, 2025
Date Accepted: Jun 11, 2026

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Pregnancy-Related Clinical Codes in Unlikely Populations in Primary Care

Curtis H, Inglesby P, Goldacre B, Higgins R, Mehrkar A, Bacon S, MacKenna B

Pregnancy-Related Clinical Codes in Unlikely Populations in Primary Care

JMIR Med Inform 2026;14:e89620

DOI: 10.2196/89620

PMID: 42378516

Pregnancy-related clinical codes in unlikely populations in primary care

  • Helen Curtis; 
  • Peter Inglesby; 
  • Ben Goldacre; 
  • Rose Higgins; 
  • Amir Mehrkar; 
  • Sebastian Bacon; 
  • Brian MacKenna

ABSTRACT

We discovered that the official national UK SNOMED CT codelist for identifying pregnant people during the COVID-19 pandemic identified pregnancy in people who were very unlikely to be pregnant (for example, elderly men). Analysing usage patterns of the individual codes identified a principal code describing a specific foetal position in labour (“knee presentation”) incorrectly used to code knee complaints. The absence of “foetal”, or ”pregnancy” in the code description is a likely contributory factor. This is an informative example of commonly overlooked problems in creating and using clinical data.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Curtis H, Inglesby P, Goldacre B, Higgins R, Mehrkar A, Bacon S, MacKenna B

Pregnancy-Related Clinical Codes in Unlikely Populations in Primary Care

JMIR Med Inform 2026;14:e89620

DOI: 10.2196/89620

PMID: 42378516

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