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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Public Health and Surveillance

Date Submitted: Sep 4, 2017
Date Accepted: Feb 4, 2018
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

HIV Clustering in Mississippi: Spatial Epidemiological Study to Inform Implementation Science in the Deep South

Stopka TJ, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Johnson K, Chan PA, Hutcheson M, Crosby R, Burke D, Mena L, Nunn A

HIV Clustering in Mississippi: Spatial Epidemiological Study to Inform Implementation Science in the Deep South

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018;4(2):e35

DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8773

PMID: 29615383

PMCID: 5904450

HIV Clustering in Mississippi: Spatial Epidemiological Study to Inform Implementation Science in the Deep South

  • Thomas J Stopka; 
  • Lauren Brinkley-Rubinstein; 
  • Kendra Johnson; 
  • Philip A Chan; 
  • Marga Hutcheson; 
  • Richard Crosby; 
  • Deirdre Burke; 
  • Leandro Mena; 
  • Amy Nunn

ABSTRACT

Background:

In recent years, more than half of new HIV infections in the United States occur among African Americans in the Southeastern United States. Spatial epidemiological analyses can inform public health responses in the Deep South by identifying HIV hotspots and community-level factors associated with clustering.

Objective:

The goal of this study was to identify and characterize HIV clusters in Mississippi through analysis of state-level HIV surveillance data.

Methods:

We used a combination of spatial epidemiology and statistical modeling to identify and characterize HIV hotspots in Mississippi census tracts (n=658) from 2008 to 2014. We conducted spatial analyses of all HIV infections, infections among men who have sex with men (MSM), and infections among African Americans. Multivariable logistic regression analyses identified community-level sociodemographic factors associated with HIV hotspots considering all cases.

Results:

There were HIV hotspots for the entire population, MSM, and African American MSM identified in the Mississippi Delta region, Southern Mississippi, and in greater Jackson, including surrounding rural counties (P<.05). In multivariable models for all HIV cases, HIV hotspots were significantly more likely to include urban census tracts (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.01, 95% CI 1.20-3.37) and census tracts that had a higher proportion of African Americans (AOR 3.85, 95% CI 2.23-6.65). The HIV hotspots were less likely to include census tracts with residents who had less than a high school education (AOR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.98), census tracts with residents belonging to two or more racial/ethnic groups (AOR 0.46, 95% CI 0.30-0.70), and census tracts that had a higher percentage of the population living below the poverty level (AOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.28-0.92).

Conclusions:

We used spatial epidemiology and statistical modeling to identify and characterize HIV hotspots for the general population, MSM, and African Americans. HIV clusters concentrated in Jackson and the Mississippi Delta. African American race and urban location were positively associated with clusters, whereas having less than a high school education and having a higher percentage of the population living below the poverty level were negatively associated with clusters. Spatial epidemiological analyses can inform implementation science and public health response strategies, including improved HIV testing, targeted prevention and risk reduction education, and tailored preexposure prophylaxis to address HIV disparities in the South.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Stopka TJ, Brinkley-Rubinstein L, Johnson K, Chan PA, Hutcheson M, Crosby R, Burke D, Mena L, Nunn A

HIV Clustering in Mississippi: Spatial Epidemiological Study to Inform Implementation Science in the Deep South

JMIR Public Health Surveill 2018;4(2):e35

DOI: 10.2196/publichealth.8773

PMID: 29615383

PMCID: 5904450

Per the author's request the PDF is not available.