Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Diabetes
Date Submitted: Aug 11, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Sep 11, 2025 - Nov 6, 2025
Date Accepted: Jan 2, 2026
(closed for review but you can still tweet)
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Diabetic Patients: A Comprehensive Review
ABSTRACT
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) poses a significant global health burden, with diabetic patients facing a 1.5- to 2-fold increased risk due to immune dysregulation, hyperglycemia, and comorbidities. This review synthesizes current evidence on the epidemiology, pathophysiology, primary pathogens, clinical outcomes, treatment strategies, and preventive measures for CAP in diabetic patients. It highlights the complex interplay of immune dysfunction, metabolic alterations, and microbial shifts that exacerbate disease severity. The review also integrates insights into novel mechanisms such as ferroptosis, glycation, methylation, and microbiome alterations, emphasizing their role in CAP pathogenesis. Tailored therapeutic approaches, including pathogen- and host-targeted therapies, and preventive strategies like vaccination are discussed, alongside future research directions to address emerging challenges.
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Copyright
© The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.