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Malcon L, Gomes A, Bezerra Falcão A, Bonganhi de Bem Ã, Grevet F, Wagner F, Duarte I, Barbedo L, Schneider M, Hoffmann M, Oliveira de Castro S, Rohde LA, Caye A
Efficacy of Extended Time on Exams for College Students and Applicants With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized, Counterbalanced Crossover and Within-Subject Trial
Efficacy of Extended Time in Exams for College Students and Applicants with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a randomized, counterbalanced crossover/within-subject trial
Lui Malcon;
Alice Gomes;
Arthur Bezerra Falcão;
Érica Bonganhi de Bem;
Felipe Grevet;
Flávia Wagner;
Igor Duarte;
Leonardo Barbedo;
Maitê Schneider;
MaurÃcio Hoffmann;
Sophia Oliveira de Castro;
Luis Augusto Rohde;
Arthur Caye
ABSTRACT
Background:
Extended time on academic exams is one of the most frequently granted accommodations for students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, there is a lack of empirical evidence supporting its effectiveness, particularly in the college population.
Objective:
To assess the efficacy and specificity of extended test time as an accommodation for college and college-prospective students with ADHD.
Methods:
This study will employ a randomized, counterbalanced crossover/within-subject experimental design, utilizing convenience sampling to recruit participants. All participants will undergo clinical and neuropsychological assessments to confirm their diagnostic status and cognitive performance. Following these assessments, participants will be randomized to sequentially complete three versions of a test modeled on the Brazilian National High School Exam (ENEM), under standard time conditions, with 25% extra time, and with 50% extra time.
Results:
Data collection started on August 2023. As of February 2026, we enrolled 103 participants.
Conclusions:
The study will be the first of its kind outside the United States, and one of the first to investigate the effectiveness of extended testing time at different dosages in the college population. Findings will provide insights into the impact of extended time accommodations in a distinct academic system, addressing gaps in previous research, such as different intervention doses and predictors of effectiveness.
Citation
Please cite as:
Malcon L, Gomes A, Bezerra Falcão A, Bonganhi de Bem Ã, Grevet F, Wagner F, Duarte I, Barbedo L, Schneider M, Hoffmann M, Oliveira de Castro S, Rohde LA, Caye A
Efficacy of Extended Time on Exams for College Students and Applicants With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized, Counterbalanced Crossover and Within-Subject Trial