Maintenance Notice

Due to necessary scheduled maintenance, the JMIR Publications website will be unavailable from Wednesday, July 01, 2020 at 8:00 PM to 10:00 PM EST. We apologize in advance for any inconvenience this may cause you.

Who will be affected?

Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Nursing

Date Submitted: Jun 28, 2025
Date Accepted: Nov 15, 2025

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Impact of AI Literacy on Well-Being Among Nursing Students—Mediating Roles of Empowerment and Anxiety: Cross-Sectional Study

Alshowkan A, Shdaifat E

Impact of AI Literacy on Well-Being Among Nursing Students—Mediating Roles of Empowerment and Anxiety: Cross-Sectional Study

JMIR Nursing 2025;8:e79789

DOI: 10.2196/79789

PMID: 41428941

PMCID: 12721487

Exploring the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Literacy on Well-being among Nursing Students: The Mediating Roles of Empowerment and Anxiety

  • Amira Alshowkan; 
  • Emad Shdaifat

ABSTRACT

Background:

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is changing nursing practice, and it calls for the acquisition of AI literacy by students, which includes knowledge, skills, and attitudes. An understanding of the effect of AI literacy on the well-being and empowerment of students is crucial in guiding effective educational strategies.

Objective:

This study aims to investigate the impact of AI literacy on well-being, with psychological empowerment and anxiety serving as mediating variables. Employing Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the study examines gender differences within these relationships.

Methods:

A cross-sectional design was utilized, and data were gathered from university-level students via a structured online questionnaire assessing AI literacy, psychological empowerment, anxiety, and well-being. PLS-SEM was employed to evaluate both the measurement and structural models, encompassing mediation and multi-group analyses based on gender.

Results:

The constructs demonstrated substantial reliability and validity, and the model fit was deemed satisfactory. Well-being was moderately accounted for (R² = 0.41), whereas Empowerment and anxiety exhibited lower levels of explained variance. All hypotheses were supported, indicating that AI Literacy positively influenced Empowerment and negatively affected both Anxiety and Well-being. Furthermore, Empowerment was found to negatively impact both anxiety and well-being. The mediation effects were significant, and no gender differences were observed.

Conclusions:

The study demonstrates that AI literacy significantly influences psychological empowerment, anxiety, and overall well-being through both direct and indirect pathways. The findings elucidate the intricate relationships among these variables and provide evidence for the applicability of the model across genders. This underscores the critical importance of promoting AI literacy and empowerment as a means to improve well-being outcomes. Clinical Trial: N/A


 Citation

Please cite as:

Alshowkan A, Shdaifat E

Impact of AI Literacy on Well-Being Among Nursing Students—Mediating Roles of Empowerment and Anxiety: Cross-Sectional Study

JMIR Nursing 2025;8:e79789

DOI: 10.2196/79789

PMID: 41428941

PMCID: 12721487

Download PDF


Request queued. Please wait while the file is being generated. It may take some time.

© The authors. All rights reserved. This is a privileged document currently under peer-review/community review (or an accepted/rejected manuscript). Authors have provided JMIR Publications with an exclusive license to publish this preprint on it's website for review and ahead-of-print citation purposes only. While the final peer-reviewed paper may be licensed under a cc-by license on publication, at this stage authors and publisher expressively prohibit redistribution of this draft paper other than for review purposes.