Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Research Protocols
Date Submitted: Jun 5, 2025
Date Accepted: Sep 24, 2025
TransHealthGUIDE—Transforming Mental Health for Transgender and Gender-Diverse Young Adults Using Interventions to Drive Equity: A Digital Randomized Controlled Trial
ABSTRACT
Background:
Transgender, nonbinary, and gender diverse (TGD) young adults face a disproportionately high mental health burden, including two- to four-fold increased risk of suicidality and depressive distress compared to their cisgender peers. Family and community support are protective factors that may mitigate these adverse outcomes, representing key targets for mental health interventions.
Objective:
This randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluates the effectiveness of TransHealthGUIDE, a novel digital, app-based education and support intervention aimed at reducing past 3-month suicidal ideation and past 2-week depressive distress among TGD young adults. Participants are randomized 1:1 to an Immediate Intervention Arm or a 6-month Deferred Intervention Arm (waitlist control).
Methods:
From 2021-2024, a multidisciplinary team of academic and community partners conducted formative research and co-developed a digital app containing 33 self-paced modules, communication, and interactive resources. The content is grounded in the Social Ecological Suicide Prevention Model and the Gender Minority Stress and Resilience Framework, designed to enhance family support and community connection for TGD young adults and their families. TGD young adults (ages 18-24 years) and their caregivers are prospectively enrolled and randomized in 10 U.S. states (California, Connecticut, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington, DC). Participants complete self-reported surveys at baseline 6, and 12 months assessing sociodemographics, family support, community connection, suicidal ideation, depressive distress, and intervention acceptability. App usage and engagement are tracked via metadata. The target sample size is 500 TGD young adults, with 50% identifying as people of color and 125 TGD young adult-caregiver dyads.
Results:
TGD young adult and caregiver communities, including our Community Advisory Board (CAB), have guided all aspects of the project: study design (e.g., waitlist control), survey development (e.g., self-reported rather than clinician-administered suicidality measures, inclusion of social justice activism as a form of support), intervention content (e.g., text, infographics, interviews with TGD people and caregivers, and simulations), and digital app safety features (e.g., a quick-exit button for privacy). Recruitment and study screening began on January 21, 2025. As of May 2, 2025, 149 individuals completed a study screener, with 132 eligible (89%). Enrollment visits began on April 23, 2025. As of May 2, 2025, 5 TGD young adults have been enrolled. Ongoing engagement with the CAB will inform iterative improvements throughout the trial
Conclusions:
Scalable, app-based interventions tailored to meet the needs of TGD young people hold promise for population-level mental health impact. This RCT—targeting suicidality and depressive distress via education and support for both TGD young adults and their caregivers—addresses a critical gap in mental health interventions for this underserved population. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06277600
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