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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Cancer

Date Submitted: Mar 7, 2025
Date Accepted: Jul 31, 2025

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Virtual Health Assistants in Preventive Cancer Care Communication: Systematic Review

Raisa A, Chen X, Bryan EG, Bylund CL, Alpert JM, Lok B, Fisher CL, Thomas L, Krieger JL

Virtual Health Assistants in Preventive Cancer Care Communication: Systematic Review

JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e73616

DOI: 10.2196/73616

PMID: 40953370

PMCID: 12435786

Virtual Health Assistants in Preventive Cancer Care Communication: Systematic Review

  • Aantaki Raisa; 
  • Xiaobei Chen; 
  • Emma G. Bryan; 
  • Carma L Bylund; 
  • Jordan M. Alpert; 
  • Benjamin Lok; 
  • Carla L Fisher; 
  • Lyndsey Thomas; 
  • Janice L Krieger

ABSTRACT

Background:

Virtual health assistants (VHAs), interactive digital programs that emulate human communication, are being increasingly used in healthcare to improve patient education, care, and to reduce burden on healthcare providers. VHAs have the potential to promote cancer equity through facilitating patient engagement, providing round-the-clock access to information, and reducing language barriers. However, it is unclear to what extent audience-centeredness is being considered in the development of cancer-related applications.

Objective:

This systematic literature review aims to identify whether VHAs used in cancer prevention and screening are developed using audience-centered strategies and what those strategies are.

Methods:

Four online databases (Medline, Academic Search Premier, Embase, Web of Science) were searched to identify peer-reviewed, English-language, published articles on cancer prevention and screening interventions using VHAs. Articles were first screened for titles and abstracts, and then for full texts. Eligible articles were then synthesized to collect bibliographic data and identify strategies used for audience-centered intervention development.

Results:

Initially, the database search resulted in 1055 articles. After removing duplicates, screening for titles, and abstract, 17 articles were eligible for analysis. Six major strategies were identified for audience-centered VHA development: 1) gender and race concordance, 2) user feedback, 3) preintervention needs exploration, 4) theoretical framework, 5) information customization, and 6) VHA features customization.

Conclusions:

The systematic review identified the audience-centered development practices currently being used for VHA-based interventions in preventive cancer care. The majority of the studies included processes to diversify and segment the intended audience, focused on medically underrepresented population groups, and implemented strategies to be culturally sensitive to the population of interest. Clinical Trial: N/A


 Citation

Please cite as:

Raisa A, Chen X, Bryan EG, Bylund CL, Alpert JM, Lok B, Fisher CL, Thomas L, Krieger JL

Virtual Health Assistants in Preventive Cancer Care Communication: Systematic Review

JMIR Cancer 2025;11:e73616

DOI: 10.2196/73616

PMID: 40953370

PMCID: 12435786

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