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Accepted for/Published in: JMIR XR and Spatial Computing (JMXR)

Date Submitted: Feb 13, 2025
Open Peer Review Period: Feb 19, 2025 - Apr 16, 2025
Date Accepted: Apr 4, 2025
(closed for review but you can still tweet)

The final, peer-reviewed published version of this preprint can be found here:

Feasibility, Subjective Effectiveness, and Acceptance of Short Virtual Reality Relaxation Breaks for Immediate Perceived Stress Reduction in Emergency Physicians: Single-Arm Pre-Post Intervention Study

Birrenbach T, Häni S, Jegerlehner S, Schober S, Exadaktylos AK, Sauter TC

Feasibility, Subjective Effectiveness, and Acceptance of Short Virtual Reality Relaxation Breaks for Immediate Perceived Stress Reduction in Emergency Physicians: Single-Arm Pre-Post Intervention Study

JMIR XR Spatial Comput 2025;2:e72605

DOI: 10.2196/72605

PMCID: 12671296

VR for Physician Wellbeing – Feasibility, subjective effectiveness and acceptance of short virtual reality relaxation breaks for immediate perceived stress reduction in emergency physicians: a pilot study

  • Tanja Birrenbach; 
  • Seraina Häni; 
  • Sabrina Jegerlehner; 
  • Simon Schober; 
  • Aristomenis K. Exadaktylos; 
  • Thomas C Sauter

ABSTRACT

Background:

Emergency physicians face significant stress in their daily work, adversely affecting patient care and contributing to physician burnout.

Objective:

This pilot study explored the feasibility, immediate effects, and acceptance of virtual reality (VR) relaxation on perceived stress reduction among emergency physicians.

Methods:

The study was conducted at the Department of Emergency Medicine, Bern, Switzerland, in February 2023. Voluntary participants underwent a six- to eight-minute VR meditation program at their workplace. Subjective short-term stress reduction was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS) ranging from 0 ("not at all stressed") to 10 ("extremely stressed"). Feasibility, user acceptance, and technical aspects were evaluated using validated and self-constructed questionnaires.

Results:

Thirty-five emergency physicians completed 39 VR simulation sessions. Baseline stress levels (median NRS 4, IQR 2–6.5) were significantly reduced post-intervention (median NRS 2, IQR 1–4; P<.001), particularly among participants with high baseline stress levels. Reported side effects (simulator sickness) were minimal, median score of presence and immersion according to the questionnaire developed by Slater-Usoh-Steed was 4 (IQR 3-4) (scale 1-7, with 7 = full immersion). User satisfaction was high. Implementation challenges mainly included technical issues and time constraints due to high workload.

Conclusions:

This pilot study suggests that brief relaxing VR sessions may help reduce short-term perceived stress levels in emergency physicians with minimal side effects and high user satisfaction. Future studies should address implementation challenges to optimize integration into clinical workflows.


 Citation

Please cite as:

Birrenbach T, Häni S, Jegerlehner S, Schober S, Exadaktylos AK, Sauter TC

Feasibility, Subjective Effectiveness, and Acceptance of Short Virtual Reality Relaxation Breaks for Immediate Perceived Stress Reduction in Emergency Physicians: Single-Arm Pre-Post Intervention Study

JMIR XR Spatial Comput 2025;2:e72605

DOI: 10.2196/72605

PMCID: 12671296

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