JMIR Publications

ABSTRACT

Background:

Virtual reality (VR) technology is extensively utilized in stroke rehabilitation due to its immersive nature. Nonetheless, there is ongoing debate concerning the efficacy of diverse VR interventions in this context.

Objective:

This study aims to systematically assess the effects of various VR interventions on stroke rehabilitation outcomes, with a specific focus on upper limb function, gait balance, cognitive function, and quality of life.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted on databases such as Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science, targeting randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2016 and 2025 involving stroke patients undergoing VR rehabilitation training. Data extraction encompassed intervention types, outcome measures, sample sizes, among other variables, with descriptive analysis employed for heterogeneity assessment.

Results:

Analysis of 16 RCTs involving 840 stroke patients revealed that VR interventions significantly enhanced upper limb function, gait balance, cognitive function, and quality of life. Non-immersive virtual reality (NIVR) approaches were found to be more effective than fully immersive virtual reality (FIVR) interventions in improving upper limb function and gait balance. Overall, VR interventions positively influenced patient rehabilitation with satisfactory safety measures.

Conclusions:

The study underscores the promise of VR technology in stroke rehabilitation, particularly in enhancing upper limb function and gait balance. Future research should focus on determining optimal approaches for diverse VR interventions, evaluating their long-term impacts, and assessing their clinical feasibility.