Accepted for/Published in: JMIR Research Protocols
Date Submitted: Feb 2, 2025
Date Accepted: Mar 26, 2025
Warning: This is an author submission that is not peer-reviewed or edited. Preprints - unless they show as "accepted" - should not be relied on to guide clinical practice or health-related behavior and should not be reported in news media as established information.
Comparative evaluation of jaw bone density in chronic areca nut chewers and non chewers using orthopantomogram indices as screening tool for osteoporosis
ABSTRACT
Background:
Jaw bone density can be altered due to various factors including ageing, pathologies of bone, hormonal levels, medications affecting bone densities, undue stress posed by parafunctional and adverse habits etc. Out of these factors, chronic areca nut chewing is commonly encountered adverse habit in patients which creates heavy load on jaw bones. Orthopantomogram (OPG) indices are easy and cost-effective method for evaluation of jaw bone density. Values of indices can also be used as screening tool for osteoporosis.
Objective:
To compare and evaluate jaw bone density in chronic areca nut chewers and non chewers using orthopantomogram indices as screening tool for osteoporosis
Methods:
Patients reporting to Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in age range of 20-40 years, with and without history of chronic areca nut chewing will be recruited in the study. Orthopantomogram will be taken for all recruited patients. Mandibular cortical index (MCI), panoramic mandibular index (PMI), gonial index (GI), antegonial index (AI), antegoinal notch depth (AND) and mental index (MI) will be calculated.
Results:
Values of these indices will be used to assess and compare osteoporosis in chronic areca nut chewers and non-chewers. Data will be entered and displayed in a tabular format and results will be correlated for status of osteoporosis based on values of OPG indices.
Conclusions:
Evaluation of jaw bone density in chronic areca nut chewers using OPG indices might prove to be a feasible and cost-effective technique for assessing osteoporotic bone changes. Though gold standard modlity is dual x ray absorptiometry (DXA), its cost and availability creates challenges for its use in common population. As osteoporosis of jaw bones do not present with symptoms usually, patient can be made aware of it using the finding of this evaluation. Hence, it will ultimately aid in early detection, prompt intervention therby halting the progress of the disease. Clinical Trial: As it is an observational study and no intervention is being done, it has not been registred in clinical trial registry
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